Final paper

Dear Freshman Girls,

High school can be difficult, especially for girls. There are going to be a lot of things that girls haven't experienced before that they will in these next four years. Guys can be jerks, but it is part of what is expected from them by society. I remember being in High School and am going to fill freshman girls in on some secrets I have, and explain why things are the way that they are between the opposite sexes. Furthermore, please don't have a relationship in high school. I had a relationship in high school, and now I wish that I would have had fun and just enjoyed those four years. I believe every girl should go into high school with some prior knowledge of males’ roles in society because in society many girls don't know anything about this until after high school, and they end up making big mistakes, or getting hurt. 

As a young girl entering high school, girls may not realize or even believe everything I am going to tell them. But I am speaking from experience because I was once that young girl, and have just now started to realize a lot of things I didn't know then. As a high school girl I'm sure the things on your mind are clothes, music, friends, parties, and boys of course. At this point in life those things are the most important, and when something goes wrong, high school girls may think the world is over, and trust me I've been there. My mom used to tell me not to get serious with a guy, and that they were just boys, but I didn't care to listen. I am just trying to give the advice and information that I wish I had listened to going into high school. 

Being a girl that is entering high school means facing many challenges: a lot of peer pressure, sex, drugs and alcohol, love, hate, temptations, the need to fit in, trying to be accepted, getting boys’ attention, and many other factors. For example, there is a school called Piedmont High School in Southern California, where there is a fantasy slut league that was created by boys to earn points for having sexual encounters with certain girls. This league had been going on for years with no prior knowledge about it, but it is said that all activity has stopped. Girls need to be wanted, and even if it comes to being degraded, it becomes okay as long as it earns them some popularity points, and a feeling of being needed. It is very sad that some of the girls at Piedmont High School admitted to knowing about the fantasy slut league, but still agreed with it. It shows how society is, and a lot of this comes from the media promoting sex and dehumanizing women. Girls think it’s okay and normal for a guy to get points for having sex with them. Pretty scary what our society has come to and how girls are the ones targeted instead of boys.

The movie, Mean Girls is a perfect example of high school life, what girls have to go through, and what they do to each other just to fit in. In this movie there is a girl, played by Lindsey Lohan, who is attending a new high school not knowing anyone. She just wants to fit in and be accepted, but just ends up getting caught up in the typical high school drama. She will do anything to be with this guy she has a crush on. So she messed with the girl’s life that was with the guy she wanted. She did that even if it meant turning her friends against her, giving her candy bars to make her gain weight without her knowledge, and making her boyfriend leave her. This movie shows how girls will break the rules for what they want.

In this movie there are also girl rules that the popular girls, known as the plastics, go by. The rules are that the “plastics” can only wear their hair up one time a week, they can only wear jeans or track pants on Friday, they can't wear a tank top two days in a row, they have to ask their friends before they ask someone to eat lunch with the group, they can't buy an outfit before asking their friends if it looks good first, and one of the “plastics” may think they like someone but they could be wrong. If any of them break these rules they can't sit with the “plastics” at lunch. "Ex-boyfriends are off limits to friends. That's just like the rule of feminism"(Gretchen Wieners- one of the plastics). Being a girl, there is a lot expected from peers and society. It’s good that women can at least show their emotions according to the norms in society.

In high school, having a boyfriend might seem like the most important thing in the world, but trust me it’s not. I can say from experience the worst thing a girl could do is fall in love in high school. I was in a relationship from freshman to senior year and now I wish I could take it back and have that time spent having fun and enjoying those years. If any girl can help it, it’s best not to get involved in anything serious in high school. Now this doesn't mean go run around and be a slut, because the only thing worse than being in love in high school is being hated by other girls for hooking up with their boyfriends, or with someone that they liked. This is meant to be the time of your life, not full of stress and worry.

It is scientifically proven that boys take a longer time to mature then girls, and that is a major reason that girls date older guys. Not only is this true, but also, guys are taught as young children how to act and speak to people. According to Michael Kimmel, there are four major guy rules. These include "no sissy stuff", "be a big wheel", "be a sturdy oak", and "give em hell". These rules translate into be a man, don't cry, be brave, be strong, be reliable, and live life on the edge. Guys continue to live by these rules throughout their lives and that is why this is a male dominated society. The real guys top ten list goes as follows: boys don't cry, it's better to be mad than sad, don't get mad- get even, take it like a man, he who has the most toys when he dies wins, just do it, size matters, don't stop and ask for directions, nice guys finish last, and it's all good. These rules are evidence of why males have to put on the role of tough or mean guy to girls especially at a young age.

No wonder guys can seem so cold hearted; everything is about competition and winning for them. When little boys are growing up, they learn from their fathers that being a man is being tough and brave, which has been taught for decades. According to Michael Kimmel, machoism and masculinity starts when boys are being taught these things, but also in high school when they are blooming. Also, guys are called names and put down when they don't meet the masculinity of another guy. This is crucial because it can lead to violence or abuse from guys to girls because the guy will have lower self-esteem and need to prove his machoism somewhere. 

So girls may think that they have it hard, which they do, but now it’s clear to see what guys are going through also. Imagine not being able to show emotions all the time, and being called a loser when crying. Imagine getting hit really hard in the face with something and just having to brush it off and being expected to know how to fix something.  If they can’t then they are looked down upon, or talked down on. This may help high school girls to realize why guys are the way that they are. They are supposed to save the girl, and be the hero. Also, when guys are around their friends, they have to put on even more of a front; especially in high school. For example, a guy who is asked by his girlfriend to go grab her purse, in front of his friends, will probably say no, because even if he wants to help his girlfriend out, he has to put on a front.

Another factor is the time people are living in. It's 2012 about to be 2013, and things have changed a lot in the past decade. For instance, media used to portray men as husbands, loving only one lady, and living happily ever after. Now a day it's all over media that men are players, and that they should be with a lot of women. This can also make girls extremely insecure, as they think they should be the one and only, but the guy is trying to keep his image up. Unfortunately, women are supposed to be pure and innocent, and when they’re not they are discriminated against, while men are praised. If a man has sex with a lot of women he is a pimp or a player, but if women have sex with a lot of men she is considered a slut or hoe. Why is this? I still don't understand the logic behind this. That's probably because there is no logic in that. Society is just geared to think that way. 

Now I am not trying to scare freshman girls, but simply warn them what to expect from boys, and to understand the way people are going to act and think. High School girls are about to embrace a life changing journey that will shape the person that they will become. I suggest that they don't let peer pressure and media make their decisions for them. I am hoping that I have given them some knowledge now of why boys act the way that they do, and that they will understand that it isn't them or anything they are doing wrong, but societal roles at play.

Thanks for listening,

Genevieve V.

REFERENCES

Kimmel, Michael. ""Bros before Hos": The Guy Code." Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. By Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford of St. Martin's, 1992. 608-17. Print.

Martinez, Michael. "Principal Reports High Schoolers' 'Fantasy Slut League' - CNN.com."CNN. Cable News Network, 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/23/us/california-fantasy-slut-league-school/index.html>.

Mean Girls. Dir. Mark Waters. Perf. Lindsey Lohan and Tina Fey. THEVID Technicolor Distribution Services, 2004. DVD.

Revised draft

Dear freshman girls,

   High school can be difficult, especially for girls. There are going to be a lot of things that girls haven't experienced before that they will these next four years. Guys can be jerks, but it is part of what is expected from them by society. I am going to fill freshman girls in on some secrets and explain to them why things are the way that they are between the opposite sexes. furthermore, don't have a relationship in high school. have fun and enjoy these four years. My explanations and examples will come from the movie Mean Girls, starring Lindsey Lohan, the essay "Bros before Hos": The Guy Code, by Michael Kimmel, “The Fantasy Slut League”, from Piedmont High, and of course my own experience. I believe every girl should go into high school with some prior knowledge of males roles in society. 

        As a young girl entering high school, girls may not realize or even believe everything I am going to tell them. But I am speaking from experience because I was once that young girl and have just now started to realize a lot of things I didn't know then. As any high school girl I'm sure the things on mind are clothes, music, friends, parties, and boys of course. At this point in life those things are the most important and when something goes wrong girls may think the world is over and trust me I've been there. My mom use to tell me not to get serious with a guy and that they were just boys, but I didn't care to listen. I am just trying to give the advice and information that I wish I listened to going into high school. 

   Being a girl that is entering high school means a lot of peer pressure, sex, drugs and alcohol, love, hate, temptations, need to fit in, trying to be accepted, getting boys attention, and many other factors. For example there is a school called Piedmont High School and there is a fantasy slut league that was created by boys to earn points for having sexual encounters with certain girls. This league had been going on for years with no prior knowledge about it, but it is said that all activity has stopped. Girls need to be wanted and even if it comes to being degraded it becomes okay as long as it earns then some popularity points and a feeling of being needed. It is very sad that some of the girls at Piedmont High School admitted to knowing about the fantasy slut league, but still agreed with it. It shows how society is and a lot of this comes from the media promoting sex and dehumanizing women. Girls think its okay and normal for a guy to get points for having sex with them. Pretty scary what our society has come to. 

    The movie Mean Girls is a perfect example of high school life and what girls have to go through and what they do to each other to fit in. In this movie there is a girl, played by Lindsey Lohan, who is attending a new high school not knowing anyone. She just wants to fit in and be accepted, but just ends up getting caught up in the typical high school drama. She will do anything to be with this guy she has a crush on. So she messed with the girl’s life that was with the guy she wanted. She did that even if it meant turning her friends against her, giving her candy bars to make her gain weight without her knowledge, and making her boyfriend leave her. This movie shows how girls will break the rules for what they want. High school is the most 

    In this movie there are also girl rules that the popular girls, known as the plastics, go by. The rules are the “plastics” can only wear their hair up one time a week, they can only wear jeans or track pants on Friday, they can't wear a tank top twodays in a row, they have to ask their friends before they ask someone to eat lunch with the group, they can't buy an outfit before asking their friends if it looks good first, and one of the “plastics” may think they like someone but they could be wrong. If any of them break these rules they can't sit with the “plastics”at lunch. "Ex-boyfriends are off limits to friends. That's just like the rule of feminism"(Gretchen Wieners- one of the plastics). Being a girl, there is a lot expected from peer pressure and society. It’s good that women can at least show their emotions according to the norms in society.

    In high school having a boyfriend might seem like the most important thing in the world , but trust me it’s not. I can say from experience the worst thing a girl could do is fall in love in high school. I was in a relationship from freshman to senior year and now I wish I could take it back and have that time spent having fun and enjoying those years. If any girl can help it, it’s best not to get involved in anything serious in high school. Now this doesn't mean go run around and be a slut, because the only thing worse than being in love in high school is being hated by other girls for hooking up with their boyfriends or someone that they liked. This is meant to be the time of your life, not full of stress and worry.

   It is scientifically proven that boys take a longer time to mature then girls, and that is a major reason that girls date older guys. Not only is this true, but also guys are taught as young children how to act and speak to people. According to Michael Kimmel, there are four major guy rules. These include "no sissy stuff", "be a big wheel", "be a sturdy oak", and "give em hell". These rules translate into be a man and don't cry, be brave, be strong, be reliable, and live life on the edge. Guys continue to live by these rules throughout their lives and that is why this is a male dominated society. The real guys top ten list goes as follows: boys don't cry, it's better to be mad than sad, don't get mad- get even, take it like a man, he who has the most toys when he dies wins, just do it, size matters, don't stop and ask for directions, nice guys finish last, and it's all good. No wonder guys can seem so cold hearted; everything is about competition and winning for them. When little boys are growing up they learn from there fathers that being a man is being tough and brave, which has been taught for decades. According to Michael Kimmel, macho ism and masculinity starts when boys are being taught these things but also in high school when they are blooming. Also guys are called names and put down when they don't meet the masculinity of another guy. 

    So girls may think that they have it hard, which they do but now it’s clear to see what guys are going through also. Imagine not being able to show emotions all the time and being called a loser when crying. Imagine getting hit really hard in the face with something and just having to brush it off and being expected to know how to fix something and if not then you are look down on or talked down on. This helps girls to realize why guys are the way that they are. They are supposed to save the girl and be the hero. Also when guys are around their friends they have to put on even more of a front, especially in high school. For example, a guy who is asked buy his girlfriend to go grab her purse, in front of his friends, will probably say no, because even if he wants to help his girlfriend out he has to put on a front.

    Another factor is the time people are living in. It's 2012 about to be 2013 and things have changed a lot in the years. For instance media use to portray men as husbands and loving with one lady and living happily ever after. Now a days it's all over media that men are players and that they should be with a lot of women. This can also make girls extremely insecure, as they think they should be the one and only, but the guy is trying to keep his image up. Unfortunately women are supposed to bepure and innocent and when they’re not they are discriminated while men are praised. If a man has sex with a lot of women he is a pimp or a player, but if women have sex with a lot of men she is considered a slut or hoe. Why is this? I still don't understand the logic behind this. That's probably because there is no logic in that. Society is just geared to think that way.    

Now I am not trying to scare freshman girls, but simply warn them what to expect from boys and the way people are going too act and think. High School girls are about to embrace a life changing journey that will shape the person that they become. I suggest that they don't let peer pressure and media make thierdecision for them. I am hoping that they have some knowledge now of why boys act the way that they do and that they realize it isn't them or anything they are doing wrong. And now they can make the choice of getting into a relationship in high school or not. Best of luck 

Thanks for listening,

Genevieve V.

Rough draft paper 2

Dear freshman girl,

    High school can be very hard, especially for us girls. There are going to be a lot of things that you haven't experienced before that you will these next four years. Guys can be straight assholes but it is part of what is expected from them. I am going to fill you in on some secrets and explain to you why things are the way that they are between the opposite sexes. My explanations and examples will come from the movie Mean Girls, staring Lindsey Lohan, the essay "Bros before Hos": The guy code, by Michael Kimmel, and of course my own experience.

         As a young girl entering high school, you may not realize or even believe everything I am going to tell you. But I am speaking from experience because I was once that young girl and have just now started to realize a lot of things I didn't know then. As any high school girl I'm sure the things on your mind are clothes, music, friends, parties, and boys of course. At this point in life those things are the most important and when something goes wrong you may think the world is over and trust me I've been there.

    Being a girl that is entering high school means a lot of peer pressure, sex, drugs and alcohol, love, hate, temptations, need to fit in, trying to be accepted, getting boys attention, and many other factors. For example there is a school called piedmont High school and there is a fantasy slut league that was created by boys to earn points for having sexual encounters with certain girls. Girls need to be wanted and even if it comes to being degraded it becomes ok as long as it earns then some popularity points. It is very sad that some of the girls at piedmont High school admitted to knowing about the fantasy slut league, but still agreed with it. It shows how our society is and a lot of this comes from the media promoting sex and dehumanizing women.

     The movie Mean Girls is a perfect example of high school life and what girls have to go through and what they do to each other to fit in. In this movie there is a girl, played by Lindsey Lohan, who is going to high school not knowing anyone. She just wanted to fit in and be accepted, but just ended up getting caught up in the typical high school drama. She would do anything to be with this guy she had a crush on. So she messed with the girl’s life that was with the guy she wanted. She did that even if it meant turning her friends against her, giving her candy bars to make her gain weight without her knowledge, and making her boyfriend leave her. This movie shows how girls will break the rules for what they want.

     In this movie there are also girl rules that the popular girls, known as the plastics, go by. The rules are you can only wear your hair up one time a week, you can only wear jeans or track pants on Friday, you can't wear a tank top two days in a row, you have to ask your friends before you ask someone to eat lunch with us, you can't buy an outfit before asking your friends if it looks good first, and you may think you like someone but you could be wrong. If you break these rules you can't sit with us at lunch. "Ex-boyfriends are off limits to friends. That's just like the rule of feminism"(Gretchen Wieners). As a girl a lot is expected from you also, you have to obey the rules of fashion, be courteousness to your friends, and control that you like and don't like. At least as girls we can do this with emotions showing.

    Do you think a guy would do any of those things for you? Or for any girl? I’m guessing probably not. I know in high school having a boyfriend might seem like the most important thing in the world to you, but trust me it’s not. I can say from experience the worst thing you could do is fall in love in high school. I was in a relationship from freshman to senior year and now I wish I could take it back and have that time spent having fun and enjoying those years. If you can help it, don't get involved in anything serious in high school. Now this doesn't mean go run around and be a slut, because the only thing worse than being in love in high school is being hated by other girls for hooking up with their boyfriends or someone that they liked. This is meant to be the time of your life, not full of stress and worrying.

    It is scientifically proven that boys take a longer time to mature then girls, and that is a major reason that girls date older guys. Not only is this true, but also guys are taught as young children how to act and speak to people. According to Michael Kimmel, there are four major guy rules. These include "no sissy stuff", "be a big wheel", "be a sturdy oak", and "give em hell". These rules translate into be a man and don't cry, be brave, be strong, be reliable, and live life on the edge. Guys continue to live by these rules throughout their lives and that is why we live in a male dominated society. The real guys top ten list goes as follows: boys don't cry, it's better to be mad than sad, don't get mad- get even, take it like a man, he who has the most toys when he dies wins, just do it, size matters, don't stop and ask for directions, nice guys finish last, and it's all good. No wonder guys can seem so cold hearted; everything is about competition and winning for them.

     So us girls may think we have it hard, which we do but now we can see what guys are going through also. Imagine not being able to show your emotions all the time and being called a loser when you cried. Imagine getting hit really hard in the face with something and just having to brush it off and being expected to know how to fix something and if you don't then you are look down on or talked down on. This helps us to realize why guys are the way that they are. They are supposed to save the girl and be the hero. Also when guys are around their friends they have to put on even more of a front, especially in high school. If you leave your shoes outside and you ask your boyfriend to get them he probably won't if is friend is right there, because he can't look like a sissy or a whimp.

     Another factor is the time we are living in. It's 2012 about to be 2013 and things have changed a lot in the years. For instance media use to portray men as husbands and loving with one lady and living happily ever after. Now a days it's all over media that men are players and that they should be with a lot of women. This can also make girls extremely insecure, as they think they should be the one and only, but the guy is trying to keep his image up. Unfortunately women are supposed to be pure and innocent and when there not they are discriminated while men are praised. If a man has sex with a lot of women he is a pimp or a player, but if women have sex with a lot of men she is considered a slut or hoe. Why is this? I still don't understand the logic behind this. That's probably because there is no logic in that. Our society is just geared to think this way and it is what media portrays, in both music and movies.

      Now I am not trying to scare you, but simply warn you what you are to expect from boys and the way people are going too act and think. You are about to embrace a life changing journey that will shape the person you become. I suggest that you don't let peer pressure and media make that decision for you. I am hoping that you have some knowledge now of why boys act the way that they do and that you realize it isn't you or anything you are doing wrong. Keep being a strong girl and you will be just fine. Best of luck!

Thanks for listening,

Genevieve V.

Annotated bibliography paper 2

Martinez, Michael. "Principal Reports High Schoolers' 'Fantasy Slut League' - CNN.com."CNN. Cable News Network, 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/23/us/california-fantasy-slut-league-school/index.html>.

                On this website I found information on an activity that has been going on for while but was just recently discovered. In Oakland hills over looking the SF bay, at a school called Piedmont high school there was a "Fantasy Slut League". I'm going to use the information about this fantasy slut league to compare it to why girls act the way that they do and how they are trying to be accepted. So for the fantasy slut league guys would earn points for participating in sexual activities with certain girls. According to KGO, the Principal of the school said, "Participation often involved pressure/ manipulation by older students that included alcohol to impair judgment/ control and social demands to be popular." This connects with the rules of masculinity and femininity because males are suppose to hook up with a lot of girls and be players. It makes them cool. While girls are called Hos and sluts when they have sex at all and especially with more than one guy. 

Kimmel, Michael. ""Bros before Hos": The Guy Code." Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. By Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford of St. Martin's, 1992. 608-17. Print.

              In this essay, written by Micheal Kimmel, I am going to discuss his opinions of what the guy rules are and how they effect they way guys act. I am going to talk about the rules which are no sissy stuff, be a big wheel, be a sturdy oak, and give em hell. I am also going to talk about the top ten list for real guys which is boys don't cry, it's better to be mad than sad, don't get mad- get even, take it like a man, he who has the most toys when he dies wins, just do it, or ride or die, size matters, I don't stop to ask for directions, nice guys finish last, and it's all good. In society guys need to be men and are brought up with these rules and mannerisms. They often don't project emotion and end up giving off that they don't care even when they do, because its the only way they know how to act or they don't want to be whimps or cowards. 

Mean Girls. Dir. Mark Waters. Perf. Lindsey Lohan and Tina Fey. THEVID Technicolor Distribution Services, 2004. DVD.

             I love this movie! It is girls life's in a nutshell. There's drama, love, hate, and craziness, and us girls aren't afraid to show our emotions. This movie is about a girl who was homeschooled and then went back to public school for high school because her parents wanted her to get socialized. The girl, played by Lindsey Lohan, becomes friends with the "plastics" who are the popular girls at school and then the leader of the group ,Regina George fucks over the new girl and she ends up getting revenge on her. The rules in mean girls are you can't wear a tank top 2 days in a row, you can't wear jeans or track pants on Friday, you can only wear your hair in a ponytail one day a week, or you can't sit at the popular table. "Ex boyfriends are off limits to friends, that's just like the rule of feminism" (Gretchen Weiners). You can't join matheletes. "It's social suicide". You have to vote before asking someone to eat lunch with us, you have to ask your friends before you buy an outfit, and you may think you like someone but you could be wrong. This movie is all about girls self image, and what it is to be in or out of the group. 

Proposal paper 2

Title: Bros before hoes vs. Mean girls
Author: Genevieve Vandeutekom
Date: 11/10/12
Topic: guy code vs. girl code
Analysis of argument: The reason that guys and girls act the way that they do, is because of key rules that are know for masculinity and for femininity.
Exigence: If the media stopped promoting this behavior then things would change a lot for these rules, although some are just born into each individual person.
Intended audience: youth
Purpose: to inform my audience about the differences in male and female rules and why they affect our society
Claim: As a women who has gone through high school and part of college i feel like i have a lot of opinion on this subject and good insights to share.
  To inform my audience about the rules of masculinity and femininity I will use the rules from "Bros before hoes" The guy code by Michael Kimmel and the girl rules from Mean Girls , a movie featuring Lindsey Lohan. On top of the facts and reasoning behind those two sources I will also use statistics and facts to back up my ideas.
  Next I will use pathos by evoking what each gender has to face. A lot of time people don't take the time to notice what the back ground of the other gender is or has gone through. There is usually a reason people act the way that they do. My goal in doing this is that whoever reads this can remember these things when they are in a relationship or having to deal with the opposite sex.
 The last appeal I will use is ethos. I can establish my own credibility by talking about my own experience with these ideas. Also as a female I know the rules of femininity and can relate to them. Furthermore being in a relationship, during high school especially, I could see some of the rules of masculinity come out of my boyfriend so that he would be "cool".
  Overall, I want people to read my paper and get a little bit of understanding of why people are the way they are and how media sometimes encourages it. Boys need to not give off that they feel emotions and get hurt, while girls need to be sensitive and sweet all the time. These are basically gender stereotypes that have been implicated on society. 

Two ways a women can get hurt: advertising and violence

Title: two ways a women can get hurt: advertising and violence
Author: Jean Kilbourne
Date: published 1999
Topic: the media portrays women as sex objects leaving to abuse and violence
Exigence: advertising and the media sexually portraying women and girl is detrimental to their minds and show boys and men that its ok to treat women this way.
Intended audience:  everyone, but especially people who are marketing or advertising these ads.
Purpose: to stop violence and sexual imaging of girls and women.
Claim: women are being overpowered and degraded in ads and even more sadly in reality.

Audience: This piece of writing from a book called can't buy me love: how advertising changes the way we think and feel written by Jean Kilbourne is intended for many readers. First of all, the advertisers are meant to be the audience because the author is clearly stating that the ads are not good and can even be harmful. She establishes tons of credibility by showing numerous ads and writing in detail about each one. Furthermore, this piece of writing is intended for women getting the abuse or who haven't yet, but could. Women who are getting the abuse can understand why from this writing and Maybe be able to do something about it, while women who haven't been can be warned and just be aware. I think this writing is also intended for men because they can see how harmful they can be and maybe they will realize that just because they learn to be a certain way by what they see around them, doesn't mean they need to be the way society lets off. I think the audience may have some knowledge on this information, but possibly not the full effect, and this writing can help them see more clearly what's going on.

Purpose: the purpose of this writing is to stop violence and defeatism of women. Kilbourne uses visual aids to show us evidence of how women are dehumanized and objectified. Some of these images that degraded women included a women being strapped down by wrist watches, a man pulling a women's hair back aggressively, little girls in panties, a girl with the word bitch on her, and many others that show how society depicts women. Kilbourne reveals that "Throughout the world, the biggest problem for most women is simply surviving at home"(585).  This statement is sad but true for many cases because of the way men treat women and how it's socially acceptable. The ads, such as the ones showed in this writing are causing this mistreatment and allowing it.

Context or situation: This piece of writing was written in the US and published in 1999. It was written because of all the abuse and bullshit that women take. Kilbourne was an expert on advertising, so she knows what it looks like to dehumanize someone and to have power over and object. This can be meaningful to all communities and cultures, but mostly geared towards community's with a lot of advertising and money. There is also evidence that these ads have not only caused degrading of women, but also physical abuse, alcohol and drug abuse, and suicides. This type of writing is usually written by someone with strong morals and beliefs.
In conclusion, the author Jean Kilbourne used ethos, pathos, and logos to show the sexual objectifying of women in ads and the effects it's brings. Kilbourne uses pictures of ads, background knowledge, and statistics as ethos to convince her arguments. She uses logos, such as explaining why guys treat women as objects and why guys couldn't imaging being girls, but girls could write a whole essay on being a guy. Last but not least the author used pathos such as telling us about rapes and suicide to show us what a serious matter this is. It's a matter of life and death and shouldn't be taken lightly.

From fly girls to bitches and hos

From fly girls to bitches and hos

Author: Joan Morgan

Date: 10/26/12 published 1999

Topic: the background on why girls are referred to bitches and his in rap music.

Exigence: brothers need to learn to love their "sistas" but the males are having depression problems themselves.

Intended audience: I believe this message can go to everyone, but it seems primarily geared towards the younger generation that listens to rap music.

Purpose: to inform our younger generation how rap music effects out society and how the lyrics effects the rapper, women, and the people who listen to the rap music now.

Claims: "The leading cause of death among black man ages fifteen to twenty-four is homicide." (602) "Women are the unsung victims of black on black crime."(602) "What passes for 40 and a blunt good times in most of hip-hop is really alcoholism, substance abuse, and chemical dependency."(603)

Audience: There are two main audiences that I can see this writing being geared towards. The  younger generation that is listening to rap music  is being influenced by this and also the rappers that are writing the lyrics and singing them. I believe that the audience expects to listen to the same type of music and the rappers know what type of music that is. The rappers know more than the author because they are the ones who are talking about and to women in this degrading way, such as bitch and ho. Also the rappers are the ones feeling the pain and depression that's causing them to rap those things. This pain is evident the author gives suicide rates including "Big Poppas" suicide.

Purpose: furthermore I believe that the purpose of this writing is to inform people on why rappers act and talk the way that they do to women and what listening to rap music promotes. I also feel that this piece of writing is here to convince women who are being abused both mentally and physically that its ok to love someone like that "...but from a distance that's safe."(604) as Morgan states.

Context or situation: This writing was written in 1999, by Joan Morgan who is a black feminist, analyzing rap and hip-hop. She knows that this music has had bad connotation to women, but she still has a passion for it. This passage is meaningful to black women, the young generation today, and all rappers. The people who recognize the names Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, and Notorious B.I.G are going to relate to this text. This is a very opinionated piece of writing, so it's usually written by one person particularly a feminist in this case.

Style: The style that Morgan uses in this piece of writing is formal, where as I would have thought it to be less formal because of the audience that it appeals to. On the other hand the terms such as bitch, ho, and “sistas” relates more with the younger generation on a personal level. The main points are in the introduction paragraph followed by evidence and then another main point and more evidence.

Throughout the text, the author uses ethos, logos, and pathos to give evidence to the claims she is making. She establishes her credibility as a music writer, a fan of hip-hop, and a black feminist. She tells sad stories of abuse, depression, and suicide to evoke emotions, and final she uses facts and logic to explain the background information and statistics.